The impacts of recent recession on consumer behaviour within Airline Literature review

The impacts of recent recession on consumer behaviour within Airline industry - Literature review Example From a marketing perspective, the ability to influence consumer behaviour is to understand the intrinsic and extrinsic factors affecting the consumer behaviour (Vanhuele, Wright and East, 2013). Consumer behaviour is the activities which people undertake when obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services (Blythe, 2008, p. 56). The fundamental basis of marketing should be that the customers are at the centre of everything the firm does. In marketing management customers are the key concern. This means that understanding the behaviour pattern of the customers is essential for the managers. Traditional marketing management emphasized on product features and competitive positioning of the product (Abramovich, 2005). The conventional marketing management theory focuses on the customer relationship with the marketers of the company and the product value (Statt, 2011). The purchasing behaviour of the consumers relates strongly to the segmentation of the markets. There are three types of segmentation; geographic segmentation, psychographic segmentation and demographic segmentation. Geographic segmentation means to divide the market area according to the location of th e potential customers. Psychographic segmentation means to segregate a consumer’s characteristics and behaviour. Demographic segmentation means the division of consumer groups according to variables such as wealth, gender, age and education level etc (Blythe, 2008). The managers of the company can strengthen their relationship with the consumers. The relational bonding between customers and employees will enable the managers to develop a product which will fulfil the consumer wants and needs. An established connection with the consumer provides the marketer information regarding the consumer behaviour. For example, the marketers would like to repurpose their products and services without hampering

Social Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social Security - Essay Example Essentially an â€Å"investment† that all taxpayers must contribute to, it is the largest government program in the world, and the greatest expenditure in the Federal government’s budget (Office of Management and Budget). The social security program in the United States was and remains a safeguard against poverty like that seen during the Great Depression—a time in which poverty affected nearly half of all American elderly. It seems that, in the event of a current or future economic calamity, social security would provide such protection, and ensure that tragedy does not strike those Americans who cannot earn capital when the financial climate becomes inclement. A social security system is one that utilizes public funding in order to economically secure private citizens. Established in 1935, the United States’ social security system provides not only for the poor elderly, but also for those who are disabled and cannot work to earn a stable income. The income that the social security program provides is merely supplemental. All employed taxpaying citizens contribute to social security, which diverts this money to those who are of age or unable to work. Those eligible for benefits receive an amount proportionate to what they have put into the program through taxes. Although this is true, social security pays disproportionately to those who are earning low incomes; thus, social security tries to provide for those who need its benefits more. This is perhaps social security’s most noble intention: based on current estimates, social security is reported to prevent roughly half of elderly Americans from poverty, which closely follows the original intention of the program (Orr). Despite this, the Supreme Court has ruled that no one has legal right to social security benefits, and that entitlement to benefits is not a contractual right (Flemming v. Nestor). The origins of American social security lie in Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s New Deal, a